Who are internal customers?

Posted by Ripon Abu Hasnat on Tuesday, February 26, 2019 | 0 comments | Leave a comment...


Internal customers are members or staffs or outside suppliers of an organization who are directly associated with that organization. This means, if one department or individual within an organization supplies another such within the same organization with goods or services, then the latter is described as the internal customer of the former.


For example, a dispatch department can be the internal customer of a packaging department, which in turn may be the internal customer of the manufacturing department. Anyone in the organization can be an internal customer.

internal-customers-banking-diploma

An internal customer can be a co-worker in another department or in the same department, a distributor who depends upon us to provide products or services which in turn are utilized to create a deliverable for the external customer. In general, internal customers don't have a choice. For example, if the sales department doesn't like accounting's policies, they can't fire that department and hire another.

Who are external customers?

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External customers, on the other hand, are the people who are not directly associated with the organization. An external customer is someone who pays the employer, and ultimately facilitates their paycheck. 

In the modern competitive market, the scope of external customers is really huge as there is a lot of preference open before them. If the products or services are unable to satisfy their needs they have the option to shift the business else where. While using the word customer, the primary thing that comes to our mind is external customer. 

Customers can also be further categorized into intermediate customer and ultimate customer An intermediate customer is a dealer or trader who purchases goods for re-sale. An intermediate customer can be an organization or individual who operate as distributor or dealer between the supplier and the consumer. An intermediate customer is not a consumer at all. 

External-customers-banking-diploma
The ultimate customers on the other hand can be called consumers because they do not re-sale the purchased goods or products. Therefore it can be said that the person who buys and uses a particular product in its final form is an ultimate customer.

Bank wise Banking Diploma Result-DAIBB-November-2018

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The Institute of Bankers Authority Already Published 88th IBB Banking Diploma Result 2019 [Examination Year 2018]. 88th Banking DiplomaExam was Held 23rd November 2018. A huge number of candidates appeared in the 88th IBB Banking Diploma Exam 2018. The JAIBB and DAIBB exam result has published here as well as http://www.ibb.org.bd



The Details DAIBB Result-

DAIBB(Subject Wise Pass)
Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC
Dhaka Bank Limited
Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited
Eastern Bank Limited
Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited
First Security Islami Bank Limited
Habib Bank Limited
ICB Islamic Bank Limited
IDLC Finance Limited
IFIC Bank Limited
Investment Corporation of Bangladesh
Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited
Islamic Financeand and Investment Limited
Jamuna Bank Limited
Janata Bank Limited
Karmasangsthan Bank
Lanka Bangla Finance Ltd
National Bank Limited
National Credit & Commerce Bank Limited
NRB Commercial Bank Ltd.
NRB Global Bank Limited
ONE Bank Limited
Phonix Finance & Investments Limited
Prime Bank Limited
Probashi Kallyan Bank
Pubali Bank Limited
Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank
Reliance Finance Limited
Rupali Bank Limited
Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited
Social Islami Bank Limited
Sonali Bank Limited
South Bangla Agriculture and Commerce Bank Limited
Southeast Bank Limited
Standard Bank Limited
Standard Chartered Bank
State Bank of India
The City Bank Limited
The Farmers Bank Limited
The Premier Bank Limited
Trust Bank Limited
Union Bank Limited
Union Capital Limited
United Commercial Bank Limited
Uttara Bank Limited
88th-Banking-Diploma-Exam-Result-JAIBB

Bank wise Banking Diploma Result-JAIBB-November-2018

Posted by Ripon Abu Hasnat on | 0 comments | Leave a comment...

The Institute of Bankers Authority Already Published 88th IBB Banking Diploma Result 2019 [Examination Year 2018]. 88th Banking DiplomaExam was Held 23rd November 2018. A huge number of candidates appeared in the 88th IBB Banking Diploma Exam 2018. The JAIBB and DAIBB exam result has published here as well as http://www.ibb.org.bd



The Details JAIBB Result-

JAIBB(Subject Wise Pass)
AB Bank Limited
Agrani Bank Limited
Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited
Ansar-VDP Unnayan Bank
Bangladesh Bank
Bangladesh Commerce Bank Limited
Bangladesh House Building Finance Corporation
Bangladesh Krishi Bank
Bank Alfalah Limited
Bank Asia Limited
BASIC Bank Limited
BRAC Bank Limited
Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC
Dhaka Bank Limited
Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited
Eastern Bank Limited
Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited
First Security Islami Bank Limited
Habib Bank Limited
ICB Islamic Bank Limited
IDLC Finance Limited
IFIC Bank Limited
Investment Corporation of Bangladesh
Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited
Islamic Financeand and Investment Limited
Jamuna Bank Limited
Janata Bank Limited
Karmasangsthan Bank
Lanka Bangla Finance Ltd
Meghna Bank Limited
Mercantile Bank Limited
Midland Bank Limited
Modhumoti Bank Limited
Mutual Trust Bank Limited
National Bank Limited
National Credit & Commerce Bank Limited
NRB Commercial Bank Ltd.
NRB Global Bank Limited
ONE Bank Limited
Phonix Finance & Investments Limited
Prime Bank Limited
Probashi Kallyan Bank
Pubali Bank Limited
Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank
Reliance Finance Limited
Rupali Bank Limited
Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited
Social Islami Bank Limited
Sonali Bank Limited
South Bangla Agriculture and Commerce Bank Limited
Southeast Bank Limited
Standard Bank Limited
Standard Chartered Bank
State Bank of India
The City Bank Limited
The Farmers Bank Limited
The Premier Bank Limited
Trust Bank Limited
Union Bank Limited
Union Capital Limited
United Commercial Bank Limited
Uttara Bank Limited
88th-Banking-Diploma-Exam-Result-JAIBB

Power of Attorney

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A power of Attorney is a document duly stamped as per Stamp Act and given by a customer to his banker, authorizing his attorney or agent named therein to operate the account.

The banker should ensure that the document:

1)    gives specific authority to the named person to operate the named account on behalf of the customer,
2)    is properly stamped and notarized,
3)    is valid and not time barred,
4)    does not contain conditions or limitations on the authority of the attorney,
5)    binds the principal for all the transactions done by the attorney.

Power-of-Attorney
The Power of Attorney is then registered in the branch’s documents and the attorney’s signature is recorded in the account for its operation.

A ‘Mandate’, which is a simpler and a general purpose version of the Power of attorney, is a simple authority given in writing to the banker by a customer, authorizing a named person to operate the account temporarily for a specified period.

Services of Merchant Banking

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Merchant banking is a service oriented industry. Merchant banks all over the world carry out the same set of services. In India, merchant banks carry out the following functions and services, specifically:

1. Corporate Counselling

2. Project Counselling

3. Pre-investment Studies

4. Capital Restructuring

5. Credit Syndication

6. Issue Management and Underwriting

7. Portfolio Management

8. Working Capital Finance

9. Acceptance Credit and Bill discounting

10. Mergers, Amalgamations and Takeovers

11. Venture Capital

12. Lease Financing

13. Foreign Currency Finance

14. Fixed Deposit Broking

15. Mutual Funds

16. Relief to Sick Industries


Merchant Banking

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Merchant Banking is a combination of banking and consultancy services that banks provide to its customers. It renders consultancy, to its clients, for various matters such as financial, marketing, managerial and legal. Consultancy refers to provide advice, guidance and service for a fee. It helps a businessman in commencing a business. It helps to raise (collect) finance. It helps to modernize, expand and restructuring of the business. It helps to revive sick business units. It also helps companies to register, buy and sell shares at the stock exchange.

In short, merchant banking provides a wide range of services for beginning, until running a business. It acts as Financial Engineer for a business.

“Merchant banking refers to a form of banking that both commercial and investment banks participate in. It involves trading unregistered securities including stock, bonds and private equity securities. Merchant banking serves large businesses, including international corporations, and some wealthy individuals. However, its role in the economy can affect consumers at all levels.”


Liquidity in Case of Loans

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Lending is the most profitable business of a commercial bank, but it is highly risky too. Leading is always accompanied by the credit risk arising out of the borrowers’ default in repaying the money. A banker should, therefore, manage his loan business in a safe and profitable manner.

Liquidity means ease of conversion of an asset into cash. As a major part of commercial bank liabilities is payable either on demand or on short notice, the banker should ensure that the loans are liquid. Liquidity, thus, signifies the readiness with which the bank can convert its assets into cash with no or insignificant (small) loss.

1. A loan will be liquid if it has been given for a short period to finance some purchases of stock, raw materials, etc.

2. A banker should give short-term advances which can be recalled in time to satisfy the demands of the depositors.

3. Bank should not lend short period funds for a long time. As in that case, the loans and advances will tend to be less liquid, and it would be a great problem for it to realise cash in case of an emergency.

4. Loans, to be liquid, should be given against the security of quickly realizable assets so that in case the borrower defaults in repayment; these might be readily converted into cash.

5. Cost of borrowing from the Bangladesh Bank:
Liquidity-Case-Loans
(i) It is related to the net liquidity ratio.
(ii) Net liquidity ratio is the ratio of the net liquid assets of the borrowing bank to its aggregate demand and time liabilities.
(iii) The net liquidity ratio of a bank must be equal to the specified limit or above it, so that it may obtain a loan from the Reserve Bank at the bank rate.
(iv) With every one percent drop in the net liquidity ratio of the borrowing bank, the cost of lending by the Reserve Bank goes up by one percent.

Safety of Loans and Advances

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Lending is the most profitable business of a commercial bank, but it is highly risky too. Leading is always accompanied by the credit risk arising out of the borrowers’ default in repaying the money. A banker should, therefore, manage his loan business in a safe and profitable manner.

The safety of funds is the most important guiding principle of a banker. The safety of funds implies that the borrower would repay the principal sum and the interest thereon in the manner and on the conditions provided for in the loan agreement.

While lending out funds, a banker should ensure that:

1. The loan to a particular borrower does not involve any avoidable risk of nonpayment.

2. A bank must follow an aggressive policy of lending in its bid to maximize earnings; but it has also to be defensive at the same time because it cannot afford to lose the people’s (depositors) money.

3. A banker should always take a calculated risk.

Safety-Loans-and-Advances
4. Banker must always insist upon collateral, margins and guarantees in addition to the personal promise of the borrower.

Thus, a bank should lend money after ensuring its full safety of repayment; otherwise the banker will not be in a position to repay the deposits. Consequently, he will lose public confidence and thus subsequently may get ruined.



Financial inclusion

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Financial inclusion or inclusive finance is that the delivery of economic services, at cheap costs, to sections of deprived and low financial gain segments of society.
Unrestrained access to public product and services is that the trigonometric function qua non of an open and economical society.

It is argued that as banking services area unit within the nature of public good; the supply of banking and payment services to the whole population while not discrimination is that the prime objective of this public policy. The term “financial inclusion” has gained importance since the first 2000s, and is a result of findings concerning money exclusion and its correlation to poorness.

financial-inclusion-bd


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