The European Development Fund (EDF)
Posted by Ripon Abu Hasnat on Friday, June 13, 2014 | 0 comments
The
European Development Fund (EDF) is the main instrument for European
Union (EU) aid for development cooperation in Africa, the Caribbean, and
Pacific (ACP Group) countries and the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT).
Funding is provided by voluntary donations by EU member states.
The EDF is subject to its own financial rules and procedures, and is managed by
the European Commission (EC) and the European Investment Bank.
Articles
131 and 136 of the 1957 Treaty of Rome provided for its creation with a view to
granting technical and financial assistance to African countries that were
still colonised at that time and with which certain countries had historical
links.
Usually
lasting 6 years, each EDF lays out EU assistance to both individual countries
and regions as a whole. The EU is on its 10th EDF from 2008-2013 with a budget
of €22.7 billion.
This represents about 30% of EU spending on development cooperation aid, with
the remainder coming directly from the EU budget.
There is a debate on whether to
'budgetise' the EDF. However, in the Communication ‘A budget for Europe 2020’,
the European Commission underlined that it was not appropriate at present time
to propose that the EDF be integrated into the EU budget. The perceived advantages include:
1.
contributions
would be based on GNI and this may increase the voluntary contributions the
harmonization of EU budget and EDF administration might decrease administration
costs and increase effectiveness of the aid
2.
20%
of aid to the ACP countries already originates from the EU budget
3.
an
all-ACP geographic strategy is no longer relevant as programmes are more
localised to regions or country-level there would be increase democratic
control and parliamentary scrutiny
The perceived disadvantages are
that:
1.
90%
of EDF resources reach low-income countries as opposed to less than 40% of aid
from the EU budget development instruments
2.
a
loss of aid predictability and aid quality as the EU budget is annual, unlike
the 6-year budget of the EDF
3.
In
2005, the EU and its Member States agreed to achieve a collective level of ODA
of 0.7% of GNI by 2015 and an interim target of 0.56% by 2010, with
differentiated intermediate targets for those EU Member States which had
recently joined the Union. On the 23rd of May 2011, EU ministers responsible
for development cooperation gathered to take stock of progress made and
concluded that additional efforts would be needed to close an estimated gap of
€50 billion to reach the self-imposed collective EU target of 0.7% by 2015.
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