Describe the various theories of motivation
Posted by Ripon Abu Hasnat on Monday, September 8, 2014 | 0 comments
Instinct Theory of Motivation:
According to instinct
theories, people are motivated to behave in certain ways because they are
evolutionarily programmed to do so. An example of this in the animal world is
seasonal migration. These animals do not learn to do this, it is instead an
inborn pattern of motivation.
Incentive
Theory of Motivation:
The incentive theory suggests that people are
motivated to do things because of external rewards. For example, you might be
motivated to go to work each day for the monetary reward of being paid.
Behavioral learning concepts such as association and reinforcement play an
important role in this theory of motivation.
Drive
Theory of Motivation:
According to the drive theory of motivation, people
are motivated to take certain actions in order to reduce the internal tension
that is caused by unmet needs. For example, you might be motivated to drink a
glass of water in order to reduce the internal state of thirst. This theory is
useful in explaining behaviors that have a strong biological component, such as
hunger or thirst. The problem with the drive theory of motivation is that these
behaviors are not always motivated purely by physiological needs. For example,
people often eat even when they are not really hungry.
Arousal
Theory of Motivation:
The arousal theory of motivation suggests that people
take certain actions to either decrease or increase levels of arousal. When
arousal levels get too low, for example, a person might watch and exciting
movie or go for a jog. When arousal levels get too high, on the other hand, a
person would probably look for ways to relax such as meditating or reading a
book. According to this theory, we are motivated to maintain an optimal level
of arousal, although this level can vary based on the individual or the
situation.
Humanistic
Theory of Motivation:
Humanistic theories of motivation are based on the
idea that people also have strong cognitive reasons to perform various actions.
This is famously illustrated in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which
presents different motivations at different levels. First, people are motivated
to fulfill basic biological needs for food and shelter, as well as those of
safety, love and esteem. Once the lower level needs have been met, the primary
motivator becomes the need for self-actualization, or the desire to fulfill
one's individual potential.
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